In cooperation with local municipalities and the province, the RVCA identifies, studies and maps natural hazard areas along local rivers, lakes, streams and wetlands. Natural hazard areas include floodplains, unstable slopes. Natural features such as wetlands are also mapped. In the past, these maps were called flood risk maps.

If not understood or dealt with effectively, these hazards can pose risks and problems to society, especially when considering development activities.

Hazard mapping is used by watershed municipalities when updating Official Plan and Zoning Schedules and in the review of development applications under the Planning Act. The RVCA uses the mapping for the administration and enforcement of regulations made under the Conservation Authorities Act (Section 28).